Evaluation of commercial immunoassays for the detection of estrogens in water by comparison with high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry HPLC–MS/MS (QqQ)

Abstract

In this work four different commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) (from Japan EnviroChemicals, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) were evaluated in terms of performance for the rapid screening of estrogens in different water matrices, including natural and spiked samples from urban wastewater, river water and ground water. All four test kits are based on monoclonal antibodies. The compounds detected by these immunoassays are (1) 17-β-estradiol, (2) estrone, (3) 17-α-ethynyl estradiol and (4) estrogens in general, with high recognition properties for 17-β-estradiol, estrone and estriol. Standards were prepared in water containing 10% (v/v) methanol. The IC 50 (corresponding to the 50% of the effective concentration) values, the dynamic ranges, and the limits of detection of the ELISA kits were 0.060–0.304 μg/L, 0.05–5 μg/L and 0.05 μg/L, respectively. All samples were extracted by solid-phase extraction (SPE) beforehand, and the evaluation was carried out by comparing the results obtained by ELISA with those obtained by HPLC–MS/MS using a triple quadrupole (QqQ) instrument. In addition, two different solid-phase extraction procedures were carried out and compared. Except for moderate overestimation in the results observed with the ELISA kits in the analysis of complex wastewater samples, the results obtained using all of the tested techniques were generally in very good agreement.