Redox signaling and regulation mechanisms in plant acclimation and adaptation to environmental changes.

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a dual role in all type of cells, being both detrimental and crucial for cellular signaling.Particularly in plants, photosynthesis is a main site of ROS production. Cysteine residues and the thioredoxin system have emerged as key players in redox regulation. This presentation focuses on the interplay between ROS and cysteine-mediated redox processes, as well as the pivotal role of the thioredoxin system in maintaining cellular redox balance. We will discuss how ROS interact with cysteine residues, leading to post-translational modifications and subsequent modulation of protein structure and function. Additionally, we will explore into the diverse roles of ROS in plant signaling, including stress responses, development, and immune defenses. Furthermore, we will highlight the central role of the thioredoxin system in regulating cellular redox homeostasis by controlling the oxidation state of cysteine residues. Understanding the intricate relationship between ROS, cysteine, and the thioredoxin system provides insights into the mechanisms underlying plant adaptation to environmental challenges. This knowledge is crucial for developing strategies to enhance plant resilience and improve agricultural