Additional file 7 of Aβ oligomers trigger necroptosis-mediated neurodegeneration via microglia activation in Alzheimer’s disease

Abstract

Additional file 7: Fig. S7. Aβo neurotoxicity is worsened when microglial cells are present. (A) To characterize Aβo, a negative stain with 1% uranyl acetate was performed followed by electron microscopy analysis. Arrows indicate small oligomeric structures (scale bar, 200 nm). (B, C) Representative images and quantitative analysis of neurons treated as indicated, immunostained with anti-acetylated tubulin antibody (scale bar, 100 μm). (D, E) Representative micrographs and quantitative measurement of neurons and neuron/microglia cocultures treated as indicated, immunolabeled with anti-acetylated tubulin and anti-Iba1 antibodies as specified in the images (scale bar, 100 μm in the middle panel; 50 μm in the right panel). Each experiment was performed at least three independent times, with three replicates per condition each time. The data are presented as mean ± S.E.M. and were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-test. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ****p < 0.0001.