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Título: | Type II bacterial toxin-antitoxins: hypotheses, facts, and the newfound plethora of the PezAT system |
Autor: | Chan, Wai Ting CSIC; Garcillán-Barcia, M. Pilar; Yeo, Chew Chieng; Espinosa, Manuel CSIC ORCID | Palabras clave: | Bacterial type II toxin-antitoxins Cell wall biosynthesis Pathogenicity islands Pneumococcus |
Fecha de publicación: | 15-sep-2023 | Editor: | Oxford University Press | Citación: | FEMS Microbiology Reviews | Resumen: | Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are entities found in the prokaryotic genomes, with eight reported types. Type II, the best characterised, is comprised of two genes organised as an operon. Whereas toxins impair growth, the cognate antitoxin neutralises its activity. TAs appeared to be involved in plasmid maintenance, persistence, virulence, and defence against bacteriophages. Most Type II toxins target the bacterial translational machinery. They seem to be antecessors of Higher Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes Nucleotide-binding (HEPN) RNases, minimal nucleotidyltransferase domains, or CRISPR-Cas systems. Four TAs encoded by Streptococcus pneumoniae, RelBE, YefMYoeB, Phd-Doc, and HicAB, belong to HEPN-RNases. The fifth is represented by PezAT/Epsilon-Zeta. PezT/Zeta toxins phosphorylate the peptidoglycan precursors, thereby blocking cell wall synthesis. We explore the body of knowledge (facts) and hypotheses procured for Type II TAs and analyse the data accumulated on the PezAT family. Bioinformatics analyses showed that homologues of PezT/Zeta toxin are abundantly distributed among 14 bacterial phyla mostly in Proteobacteria (48%), Firmicutes (27%), and Actinobacteria (18%), showing the widespread distribution of this TA. The pezAT locus was found to be mainly chromosomally encoded whereas its homologue, the tripartite omega-epsilon-zeta locus, was found mostly on plasmids. We found several orphan pezT/zeta toxins, unaccompanied by a cognate antitoxin. | Descripción: | 21 p.-11 fig.-2 tab. Dedicated to the late Professor Laura Frost, a dear colleague and a dear friend. | Versión del editor: | https://doi.org/10.1093/femsre/fuad052 | URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/335393 | DOI: | 10.1093/femsre/fuad052 | ISSN: | 0168-6445 | E-ISSN: | 1574-6976 |
Aparece en las colecciones: | (CIB) Artículos (IBBTEC) Artículos |
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