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Título: | First comparison of conventional activated sludge versus root-zone treatment for SARS-CoV-2 RNA removal from wastewaters: Statistical and temporal significance |
Autor: | Kumar, Manish; Kuroda, Keisuke; Joshi, Madhvi; Bhattacharya, Prosun; Barceló, Damià CSIC ORCID | Palabras clave: | SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Environmental Surveillance Conventional activated sludge process Root-zone treatment Wastewater based epidemiology |
Fecha de publicación: | 14-jun-2021 | Editor: | Elsevier BV | Citación: | Chemical Engineering Journal 425: 130635 (2021) | Resumen: | In the initial pandemic phase, effluents from wastewater treatment facilities were reported mostly free from Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA, and thus conventional wastewater treatments were generally considered effective. However, there is a lack of first-hand data on i) comparative efficacy of various treatment processes for SARS-CoV-2 RNA removal; and ii) temporal variations in the removal efficacy of a given treatment process in the backdrop of active COVID-19 cases. This work provides a comparative account of the removal efficacy of conventional activated sludge (CAS) and root zone treatments (RZT) based on weekly wastewater surveillance data, consisting of forty-four samples, during a two-month period. The average genome concentration was higher in the inlets of CAS-based wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in the Sargasan ward (1.25 × 103 copies/ L), than that of RZT-based WWTP (7.07 × 102 copies/ L) in an academic institution campus of Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India. ORF 1ab and S genes appeared to be more sensitive to treatment i.e., significantly reduced (p < 0.05) than N genes (p > 0.05). CAS treatment exhibited better RNA removal efficacy (p = 0.014) than RZT (p = 0.032). Multivariate analyses suggested that the effective genome concentration should be calculated based on the presence/absence of multiple genes. The present study stresses that treated effluents are not always free from SARS-CoV-2 RNA, and the removal efficacy of a given WWTP is prone to exhibit temporal variability owing to variations in active COVID-19 cases in the vicinity and genetic material accumulation over the time. Disinfection seems less effective than the adsorption and coagulation processes for SARS-CoV-2 removal. Results stress the need for further research on mechanistic insight on SARS-CoV-2 removal through various treatment processes taking solid–liquid partitioning into account. | Versión del editor: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.130635 | URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/244491 | DOI: | 10.1016/j.cej.2021.130635 | ISSN: | 1385-8947 |
Aparece en las colecciones: | (PTI Salud Global) Colección Especial COVID-19 (IDAEA) Artículos |
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