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Título: | L-A-lus, a new variant of the L-A totivirus found in wine yeasts with klus killer toxin-encoding mlus double-stranded RNA: Possible role of killer toxin-encoding satellite RNAs in the evolution of their helper viruses |
Autor: | Rodríguez-Cousiño, Nieves CSIC ORCID; Gómez Jiménez, Pilar CSIC; Esteban, Rosa CSIC ORCID | Fecha de publicación: | 2013 | Editor: | American Society for Microbiology | Citación: | Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79(15): 4661-4674 (2013) | Resumen: | Yeast killer viruses are widely distributed in nature. Several toxins encoded in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) satellites of the L-A totivirus have been described, including K1, K2, K28, and Klus. The 4.6-kb L-A genome encodes the Gag major structural protein that forms a 39-nm icosahedral virion and Gag-Pol, a minor fusion protein. Gag-Pol has transcriptase and replicase activities responsible for maintenance of L-A (or its satellite RNAs). Recently we reported a new killer toxin, Klus. The L-A virus in Klus strains showed poor hybridization to known L-A probes, suggesting substantial differences in their sequences. Here we report the characterization of this new L-A variant named L-A-lus. At the nucleotide level, L-A and L-A-lus showed only 73% identity, a value that increases to 86% in the amino acid composition of Gag or Gag-Pol. Two regions in their genomes, however, the frameshifting region between Gag and Pol and the encapsidation signal, are 100% identical, implying the importance of these two cis signals in the virus life cycle. L-A-lus shows higher resistance than L-A to growth at high temperature or to in vivo expression of endo- or exonucleases. L-A-lus also has wider helper activity, being able to maintain not only Mlus but also M1 or a satellite RNA of L-A called X. In a screening of 31 wine strains, we found that none of them had L-A; they carried either L-A-lus or a different L-A variant in K2 strains. Our data show that distinctMkiller viruses are specifically associated with L-As with different nucleotide compositions, suggesting coevolution. | Versión del editor: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00500-13 | URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/116062 | DOI: | 10.1128/AEM.00500-13 | Identificadores: | doi: 10.1128/AEM.00500-13 issn: 0099-2240 e-issn: 1098-5336 |
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