Molecular identification of two threatened pigeon species (Columbidae) using faecal samples

Abstract

Bolle’s Laurel Pigeon Columba bollii and the White-tailed Pigeon C. junoniae are two endangered endemic frugivorous pigeons from the relict laurel forest of the Canary Islands (Eastern Atlantic Ocean, Spain). These two columbids probably evolved in different habitats (laurel and thermophilous forest, respectively), but the almost total destruction of these latter forests could force the White-tailed Pigeon to occupy laurel forest areas (Martín et al. 2000). In 1985, the total population sizes were estimated at 1160–1315 and 1200–1480 birds, respectively (Emmerson 1985). Once widespread on the archipelago, their current distribution and abundance are affected by habitat destruction, illegal hunting and predation by rats (Hernández et al. 1999, Martín et al. 2000), which has led to them being listed as Near Threatened (C. bollii) and Endangered with a decreasing trend (C. junoniae; IUCN 2007). The threatened status of these Columbidae species and their elusive behaviour makes it difficult to observe and handle individuals. Therefore, non-invasive samples collected from the field are required to carry out ecological studies (Piggott & Taylor 2003).

Faecal samples provide a valuable source for analysing diet and distribution, but previous reliable identification of faeces is required in order to identify the target species.