Spontaneous magnetization related to internal energy in an assembly with long-range interaction: Predicted universal features fingerprints in experimental data from Fe and Ni

Abstract

In recent work we have dealt with antiferromagnetism in materials with long-range interactions. Here, we extend low-temperature theoretical study of Grout and March on metallic ferromagnets. Using experimental data on Fe and Ni on spontaneous magnetization M(T) and specific heat c(T), we relate M(T) and internal energy E(T) for 0<T<TC with TC the Curie temperature. An appropriate plot shows that the experimental data on Fe and Ni then collapse on to a common curve. To gain theoretical insight the Blume–Emery–Griffiths infinite-range model is used to connect M and E. A related “universality” is exposed.