Characterizing complexes with F-li⋯N, H-Li⋯N, and CH 3Li⋯N lithium bonds: Structures, binding Energies, and spin - spin coupling constants

Abstract

Ab initio calculations have been carried out to determine the structures, binding energies, and spin-spin coupling constants of complexes stabilized by X - Li⋯N bonds with F-Li, H-Li, and CH3Li as the Lewis acids. Complexes of these acids with the nitrogen bases N2, HCN, 1,3,5-triazine, pyrazine, 1,2,3-triazine, pyridine, and NH3 have linear X-Li⋯N bonds. Methylamine forms a nonlinear lithium bond only when F-Li is the lithium donor. Two bases, HN=CH2 and aziridine, form nonlinear X - Li⋯N bonds with each acid. Except for complexes with N 2, which have small binding energies of about 5 kcal/mol, the binding energies of lithium-bonded complexes are appreciable, varying between 15 and 23 kcal/mol. The one-bond coupling constant 1J(F-Li) may increase or decrease upon complexation, but 1J(H-Li) and 1J(C-Li) decrease significantly. These coupling constants have their smallest values in complexes with nonlinear X-Li⋯N bonds. No correlations appear to exist between 1J(X-Li) and the X-Li distance and 1liJ(Li-N) and the Li-N distance. Values of the two-bond coupling constants 2li(X-N) are extremely small. Comparisons of 2liJ(F-N) with 2hJ(F-N) for coupling across a hydrogen bond and 2liJ(F-N) for coupling across a halogen bond suggest that the extremely small values of 2liJ(X-N) are not due to long X-N distances but to the low valence electron density on Li in lithium-bonded complexes. © 2009 American Chemical Society.