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Cannabidiol and other cannabinoids reduce microglial activation in vitro and in vivo: Relevance to alzheimer's disease

AutorMartín-Moreno, Ana María CSIC; Reigada, David CSIC ORCID; Ramírez, Belén G.; Mechoulam, Raphael; Innamorato, Nadia G.; Cuadrado, Antonio CSIC ORCID; Ceballos, María L. de CSIC ORCID
Fecha de publicación2011
EditorAmerican Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
CitaciónMolecular Pharmacology 79(6): 964-973 (2011)
ResumenMicroglial activation is an invariant feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is noteworthy that cannabinoids are neuroprotective by preventing β-amyloid (Aβ)-induced microglial activation both in vitro and in vivo. On the other hand, the phytocannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) has shown anti-inflammatory properties in different paradigms. In the present study, we compared the effects of CBD with those of other cannabinoids on microglial cell functions in vitro and on learning behavior and cytokine expression after Aβ intraventricular administration to mice. CBD, (R)-(+)-[2,3-dihydro-5- methyl-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl) pyrrolo-[1,2,3-d,e]-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-1- naphthalenylmethanone [WIN 55,212-2 (WIN)], a mixed CB1/CB 2 agonist, and 1,1-dimethylbutyl-1-deoxy-Δ9- tetrahydrocannabinol [JWH-133 (JWH)], a CB2-selective agonist, concentration-dependently decreased ATP-induced (400 μM) increase in intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) in cultured N13 microglial cells and in rat primary microglia. In contrast, 4-[4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)-2,6- dimethoxyphenyl]-6,6-dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene-2-methanol [HU-308 (HU)], another CB2 agonist, was without effect. Cannabinoid and adenosine A2A receptors may be involved in the CBD action. CBD- and WIN-promoted primary microglia migration was blocked by CB1 and/or CB2 antagonists. JWH and HU-induced migration was blocked by a CB2 antagonist only. All of the cannabinoids decreased lipopolysaccharide-induced nitrite generation, which was insensitive to cannabinoid antagonism. Finally, both CBD and WIN, after subchronic administration for 3 weeks, were able to prevent learning of a spatial navigation task and cytokine gene expression in β-amyloid-injected mice. In summary, CBD is able to modulate microglial cell function in vitro and induce beneficial effects in an in vivo model of AD. Given that CBD lacks psychoactivity, it may represent a novel therapeutic approach for this neurological disease. Copyright © 2011 The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.
URIhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/59986
DOI10.1124/mol.111.071290
Identificadoresdoi: 10.1124/mol.111.071290
issn: 0026-895X
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