Yessotoxins profile in strains of Protoceratium reticulatum from Spain and USA

Abstract

Seven strains of Protoceratium reticulatum isolated from Spain and the USA were cultured in the laboratory. Yessotoxins (YTXs) quantification and toxin profile determination were performed by LC–FLD and LC–MS/MS. The four Spanish strains were found to produce YTX and known YTX analogs, however, YTX was not detected in any of the three USA strains. Among the strains that produced YTXs, toxin production ranged between 2.9 and 28.6 pg/cell. The YTX profile was substantially different between strains, in three out of the four Spanish strains YTX was the main toxin and in the fourth homoYTX was the prominent toxin. This work demonstrates that YTX is not always the main toxin in P. reticulatum and a high variability in YTX amounts and profile found in other locations is confirmed.