Swampland criteria for f(R) gravity derived with a Gaussian process

Abstract

A Gaussian Process (GP) is used to derive Swampland criteria for f(R) modifications of General Relativity (GR). The fact that observational data are directly taken into account allows obtaining clean upper and lower limits for the Swampland criteria, in an unbiased, natural way. They correspond to a dark-energy dominated Universe, having assumed the form of the f(R) gravity, only. To perform this study, 40-point H(z) data are used, consisting of 30-point samples deduced from the differential age method, and 10-point additional samples coming from the radial BAO method. The constraints obtained for each f(R) model parameter choice indicate whether it is possible to alleviate the H0 tension problem efficiently due to the used H0 values reported by the Planck and Hubble missions. The elaborated structure of the analysis forced to limit the number of specific models, but the methodology here discussed is applicable to study any form of f(R) gravity.