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Título: | A Low-Resources TDC for Multi-Channel Direct ToF Readout Based on a 28-nm FPGA |
Autor: | Parsakordasiabi, Mojtaba CSIC ORCID; Vornicu, Ion CSIC ORCID; Rodríguez-Vázquez, Ángel CSIC ORCID; Carmona-Galán, R. CSIC ORCID | Palabras clave: | Field programmable gate array (FPGA) Tapped-delay-line (TDL) Thermometer-to-binary (T2B) encoder Multichannel TDCs Time-to-digital converter (TDC) Time-of-flight (ToF) Singlephoton avalanche diode (SPAD) |
Fecha de publicación: | 2021 | Editor: | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | Citación: | Sensors 21(1): 308 (2021) | Resumen: | In this paper, we present a proposed field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based timeto- digital converter (TDC) architecture to achieve high performance with low usage of resources. This TDC can be employed for multi-channel direct Time-of-Flight (ToF) applications. The proposed architecture consists of a synchronizing input stage, a tuned tapped delay line (TDL), a combinatory encoder of ones and zeros counters, and an online calibration stage. The experimental results of the TDC in an Artix-7 FPGA show a differential non-linearity (DNL) in the range of [0.953, 1.185] LSB, and an integral non-linearity (INL) within [2.750, 1.238] LSB. The measured LSB size and precision are 22.2 ps and 26.04 ps, respectively. Moreover, the proposed architecture requires low FPGA resources. | Descripción: | © 2021 by the authors. | Versión del editor: | https://doi.org/10.3390/s21010308 | URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/228099 | DOI: | 10.3390/s21010308 | E-ISSN: | 1424-8220 |
Aparece en las colecciones: | (IMSE-CNM) Artículos |
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sensors-21-00308-v2.pdf | 5,32 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizar/Abrir |
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