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Título: | A candidate super-Earth planet orbiting near the snow line of Barnard’s star |
Autor: | Ribas, Ignasi CSIC ORCID; Tuomi, M.; Reiners, Ansgar; Butler, R.P.; Morales, Juan Carlos CSIC ORCID; Perger, M. CSIC ORCID; Dreizler, S.; Rodríguez-López, Cristina CSIC ORCID; González Hernández, Jonay I.; Rosich, Albert CSIC; Feng, Fabo; Trifonov, T.; Vogt, S. S.; Caballero, J. A. CSIC ORCID; Hatzes, Artie P.; Herrero, E.; Jeffers, Sandra V.; Lafarga, M. CSIC ORCID; Murgas, F.; Nelson, R. P.; Martínez, Eloy; Strachan, J. B. P.; Tal-Or, L.; Teske, J.; Toledo-Padrón, B.; Zechmeister, Mathias; Quirrenbach, Andreas; Amado, Pedro J. CSIC ORCID; Azzaro, M.; Béjar, Victor J. S.; Barnes, John R.; Berdiñas, Z. M.; Burt, J.; Coleman, G.; Cortés-Contreras, M. CSIC ORCID; Crane, J.D.; Engle, S. G.; Guinan, Edward F.; Haswell, C. A.; Henning, Thomas; Holden, B.; Jenkins, J.; Jones, Hugh R. A.; Kaminski, Adrian; Kiraga, M.; Kürster, M.; Lee, M. H.; López-González, M. J.; Montes, D.; Morin, J.; Ofir, A.; Pallé, Enric; Rebolo López, Rafael CSIC ORCID; Reffert, S.; Schweitzer, Andreas; Seifert, W.; Shectman, S. A.; Staab, D.; Street, R. A.; Suárez Mascareño, A.; Tsapras, Y.; Wang, S. X.; Anglada-Escudé, Guillem CSIC ORCID | Palabras clave: | Planet Candidates Long-term Modulation Stellar Rotation Period American Association Of Variable Star Observers (AAVSO) Zero-point Offsets |
Fecha de publicación: | 2018 | Citación: | Nature 563(7731): 365-368 (2018) | Resumen: | Barnard’s star is a red dwarf, and has the largest proper motion (apparent motion across the sky) of all known stars. At a distance of 1.8 parsecs, it is the closest single star to the Sun; only the three stars in the α Centauri system are closer. Barnard’s star is also among the least magnetically active red dwarfs known and has an estimated age older than the Solar System. Its properties make it a prime target for planetary searches; various techniques with different sensitivity limits have been used previously, including radial-velocity imaging, astrometry and direct imaging, but all ultimately led to negative or null results. Here we combine numerous measurements from high-precision radial-velocity instruments, revealing the presence of a low-amplitude periodic signal with a period of 233 days. Independent photometric and spectroscopic monitoring, as well as an analysis of instrumental systematic effects, suggest that this signal is best explained as arising from a planetary companion. The candidate planet around Barnard’s star is a cold super-Earth, with a minimum mass of 3.2 times that of Earth, orbiting near its snow line (the minimum distance from the star at which volatile compounds could condense). The combination of all radial-velocity datasets spanning 20 years of measurements additionally reveals a long-term modulation that could arise from a stellar magnetic-activity cycle or from a more distant planetary object. Because of its proximity to the Sun, the candidate planet has a maximum angular separation of 220 milliarcseconds from Barnard’s star, making it an excellent target for direct imaging and astrometric observations in the future. © 2018, Springer Nature Limited. | Versión del editor: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0677-y | URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/216305 | DOI: | 10.1038/s41586-018-0677-y | Identificadores: | doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0677-y e-issn: 1476-4687 issn: 0028-0836 |
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