Effective methods for disinfection and sterilization

Abstract

The increase in antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria has a negative impact on the morbidity and mortality rates associated with nosocomial infections. With the aim of thwarting the spread of resistant strains, multiple studies have assessed the routes of transmission of pathogenic bacteria into and within hospitals, as well as the suitability of the current prophylactic measures to control infection diseases, especially in terms of surface disinfection. Remarkably, an important concern is the selection of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria derived from the widespread use of disinfectants required for the proper cleaning and disinfection of healthcare facilities. In this scenario, new technologies to remove microorganisms from clinical environments are needed and have become the focus of numerous ongoing studies. However, it is an indispensable requirement that these strategies have higher efficacy and lower bacterial resistance selection that the conventional ones. Here, we summarize the new techniques of disinfection and sterilization, and analyze the advantages and drawbacks related to their future implementation for pathogen eradication.