Fluorescent microarray for multiplexed quantification of environmental contaminants in seawater samples

Abstract

The development of a fluorescent multiplexed microarray platform able to detect and quantify a wide variety of pollutants in seawater is reported. The microarray platform has been manufactured by spotting 6 different bioconjugate competitors and it uses a cocktail of 6 monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies raised against important families of chemical pollutants such as triazine biocide (i.e. Irgarol 1051®), sulfonamide and chloramphenicol antibiotics, polybrominated diphenyl ether flame-retardant (PBDE, i.e. BDE-47), hormone (17β-estradiol), and algae toxin (domoic acid). These contaminants were selected as model analytes, however, the platform developed has the potential to detect a broader group of compounds based on the cross-reactivity of the immunoreagents used. The microarray chip is able to simultaneously determine these families of contaminants directly in seawater samples reaching limits of detection close to the levels found in contaminated areas (Irgarol 1051® 0.19 ± 0,06 µg L−1; sulfapyridine, 0.17 ± 0.07 µg L−1; chloramphenicol, 0.11 ± 0.03 µg L−1; BDE-47, 2.71 ± 1.13 µg L−1; 17β-estradiol, 0.94 ± 0.30 µg L−1 and domoic acid, 1.71 ± 0.30 µg L−1). Performance of the multiplexed microarray chip was assessed by measuring 38 blind spiked seawater samples containing either one of these contaminants or mixtures of them. The accuracy found was very good and the coefficient of variation was < 20% in all the cases. No sample pre-treatment was necessary, and the results could be obtained in just 1 h 30 min. The microarray shows high sample throughput capabilities, being able to measure simultaneously more than 68 samples and screen them for a significant number of chemical contaminants of interest in environmental screening programs. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.