Acaricidal activity of fluralaner against Ornithodoros moubata and Ornithodoros erraticus argasid ticks evaluated through in vitro feeding.

Abstract

Ornithodoros erraticus and Ornithodoros moubata are argasid tick vectors that transmit severe diseases such as African swine fever and human relapsing fever. Elimination of the synanthropic populations of these vectors would facilitate the control of these diseases. Fluralaner is a novel isoxazoline that selectively blocks the GABA- and glutamate-gated channels, providing potent insecticidal and acaricidal activity. The aim of the current study was to provide quantitative data on the susceptibility of males, females and third nymphal instar of O. erraticus and O. moubata to fluralaner through in vitro feeding exposure. Fluralaner activity against these developmental stages and species was assessed by feeding the ticks on ovine blood medicated with decreasing fluralaner concentrations between 1 and 10−8 μg/mL. Tick mortality was measured at 4, 24 and 48 h and 1, 2 and 3 weeks post-feeding. Tests included solvent-treated and untreated blood controls. Fluralaner was extremely active against O. erraticus, with mean lethal concentrations 50 (LC50) and 95 (LC95) of 2.0 × 10−8 and 5.4 × 10−8 μg/mL, respectively. Fluralaner was also highly active against O. moubata, showing a mean LC50 of 1.5 × 10−6 μg/mL and a mean LC95 of 1.8 × 10−3 μg/mL. In the latter species, the most susceptible life stages were the females (LC95 1.4 × 10−4 μg/mL). Fluralaner demonstrated potent acaricidal activity against all developmental stages of O. erraticus and O. moubata tested, in the first 48 h after in vitro feeding. Therefore, fluralaner has the potential to provide very high acaricidal efficacy to multiple argasid tick species via feeding exposure and could be included as an acaricidal agent in integrated programmes for the control of argasid tick vectors and argasid tick-borne diseases.