Study and characterization of graphene for the fabrication of devices

Abstract

Nanotechnology has changed the world in the last 40 years. With the decrease in the size of transistors, their number in a processor increases in such a way that the power of any smartphone is much higher than that of the Apollo's missions in the 60's and 70's. The reduction of the lateral resolution in transistors still continues and is being possible due to the improvement of lithography techniques and new materials. Graphene, a monolayer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice is emerging as promising material due to its unique physical properties 1: it is the strongest material known, it is elastic and malleable, it can absorb 2.3% of white light, it presents high electronic and heat conductance, long spin diffusion, etc. Moreover, the large surface to volume ratio makes graphene also an interesting material for chemical applications. Graphene is, therefore, an outstanding material which will allow the production of advance devices in nanotechnology.