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Effects of the exposure of the clam Ruditapes philippinarum to carbamezapine, diclofenac and ibuprofen. Evauation of enzymatic and molecular endpoints

AutorTrombini, Chiara CSIC ORCID ; Hampel, Miriam CSIC ORCID; Blasco, Julián CSIC ORCID
Fecha de publicaciónsep-2012
EditorElsevier
CitaciónComparative Biochemistry and Physiology - A - Molecular and Integrative Physiology 163(Supplement): S22 (2012)
ResumenPharmaceuticals are an emerging class of environmental contaminants that are extensively used in human and veterinary medicine. Due to continuous production and consumption, along with a limited elimination by conventional technologies of water treatment, pharmaceuticals have been found in the aquatic environment at concentrations in the μg/L to ng/L range. Only little is known about the adverse effects on aquatic species being continuously exposed to these compounds. Thus in this study, the marine bivalve, Ruditapes philippinarum, was chosen as ecotoxicological model to evaluate the effects of exposure to pharmaceutical compounds selected from the most commonly found within the aquatic environment. Carbamazepine (CBZ) is an anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder. Ibuprofen (IBU) and Diclofenac (DCF) are the most commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The organisms were exposed individually under semi-static conditions to environmentally relevant concentrations (15 μg/L) of the three compounds for 22 days (14 days of exposure and 8 of depuration). Samples (digestive gland and gills) were taken throughout the exposure period in order to monitor the development of the expression of the chosen endpoints over time. For the evaluation of enzymatic endpoints, a battery of biomarkers: acetylcholinestherase (Ache), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), dibenzylfluorescein dealkylase (DBF) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) was determined in the cytosolic fraction (S12, 12,000 g for 20 min at 4 °C) extracted from both tissues to evaluate the probable alterations to the oxidative stress status in the organisms exposed to pharmaceuticals versus controls. For the evaluation of molecular endpoints, transcription of selected target genes (e.g. inflammatory-, MXR-, energy pathway related genes) was evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR. Exposed organisms showed time dependent induction of the chosen parameters depending on the applied treatment, indicating that environmentally relevant concentrations of CBZ, DCF and IBU may alter the natural condition of exposed clams.
DescripciónTrabajo presentado en el 28th Congress - European Society for Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry - Cellular and molecular mechanisms for physiological adaptation to multiple stress, celebrado en Bilbao del 2a l 5de septiembre de 2012.
URIhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/104444
DOI10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.05.070
ISSN1095-6433
E-ISSN1531-4332
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