2024-03-28T15:59:58Zhttp://digital.csic.es/dspace-oai/requestoai:digital.csic.es:10261/611822019-11-11T14:14:54Zcom_10261_83com_10261_8col_10261_336
Impacto hidrogeomorfológico de las minas y escombreras de Peñalén (Guadalajara) sobre el Parque Natural del Alto Tajo
Hydrogeomorphic impact of the Peñalén (Guadalajara) mines and spoil heaps on the Upper Tagus Natural Park
Martín Duque, J. F.
Martín Moreno, Cristina
Nicolau, J. M.
Sanz, M. A.
Lucía, A.
geomorfología
espacios naturales
impacto hidrológico
minería de caolín
Parque Natural del Alto Tajo
geomorphology
Protected areas
hydrological impact
kaolin mines
Upper Tagus Natural Park
[ES] El municipio de Peñalén (Guadalajara) alberga un conjunto de minas y escombreras degradadas, cuyo
impacto ambiental sobre el inmediato Parque Natural del Alto Tajo es objeto de constante discusión. En este trabajo
se ha llevado a cabo una primera aproximación al problema, tratando de caracterizar los condicionantes geomorfológicos
del impacto hidrológico, de identificar las principales fuentes de sedimentos y de cuantificar los sedimentos que
son emitidos desde estas zonas mineras y desde sus alrededores a la red fluvial. Esta aproximación ha puesto de manifiesto
tres evidencias claras: (i) las zonas mineras de Peñalén se sitúan en localizaciones muy vulnerables a la erosión
hídrica; (ii) los procesos erosivos y de emisión de sedimentos hacia el río Tajo son muy importantes desde esas zonas
mineras y desde cárcavas naturales; (iii) existe una conexión hidrológica directa entre las fuentes de sedimentos de las
zonas mineras degradadas de Peñalén y el río Tajo.
[EN] The Peñalén municipality (Guadalajara Province) houses a series of derelict kaolin mines. The environmental
impact of these mined lands upon the close Upper Tagus Natural Park is subject to constant discussion. This
works shows a characterization of the geomorphic setting of the mines, as a main determining factor of the hydrological
impact. In addition, an evaluation of the soil erosion rates of the Peñalén catchment was carried through RUSLE
1.06, to identify the main sediment sources. Additionally, sediment yield quantification was feasible from the evaluation
of the stored sediments at a check-dam located at the the Peñalén catchment’s mouth. Finally, a descriptive analysis
of the erosive landforms at these mined areas has been made both from field work and a combination of oblique
aerial photos of different times. The higher erosion rates obtained by RUSLE 1.06 are: highwall (202.54 Mg ha-1 year-
1); highwall’s debris slope deposits (87.55 Mg ha-1 year-1); outslope spoil heaps (86.12 Mg ha-1 year-1) and natural gullies
(197.93 Mg ha-1 year-1). The quantification from the check-dam sedimentation offers a realistic value of the sediments that are being emitted from the Peñalén catchment to the Tagus River (approximately 3200 Mg year-1). Finally,
the geomorphic analysis from oblique aerial photos and field work shows that the outslope spoil heaps of Santa
Engracia mine are the main source of sediments, in contradiction with the RUSLE 1.06. From these results, three evidences
are noticeable: (i) the derelict mined areas of Peñalén are located in very vulnerable topographical positions to
the hydric erosion; (ii) these mined areas are subject to very high erosion rates; (iii) there is a direct hydrological connection
between the sediment sources of these mined areas and the Tagus River within the protected area, and therefore
a permanent and severe ecohydrologic impact is taking place.
Peer reviewed
2012-11-27T08:01:47Z
2012-11-27T08:01:47Z
2009
artículo
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
MARTÍN DUQUE, J.F., MARTÍN, C., NICOLAU, J.M., SANZ, M.A., LUCÍA, A. (2009). Impacto hidrogeomorfológico de las minas y escombreras de Peñalén (Guadalajara) sobre el Parque Natural del Alto Tajo. Cuaternario y Geomorfología, 23(3-4), 11-24.
0214-1744
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/61182
es
open
Sociedad Española de Geomorfología
Asociación Española para el Estudio del Cuaternario