2024-03-29T02:15:48Zhttp://digital.csic.es/dspace-oai/requestoai:digital.csic.es:10261/1533112019-11-01T05:30:25Zcom_10261_15com_10261_6col_10261_268
Nature and origin of the violet stains on the walls of a Roman tomb
Domínguez-Moñino, Irene
Díaz-Herraiz, Marta
Jurado, Valme
Laiz Trobajo, L.
Miller, A. Z.
Santos, Juan Luis
Alonso, Esteban
Sáiz-Jiménez, Cesáreo
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España)
Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España)
Streptomyces
Violet stains
Cyanobacteria
Granaticins
Roman tomb
Biodeterioration
11 páginas.-- 5 figuras.-- 3 tablas.-- 55 referencias.-- Supplementary data to this article can be found online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.017.
The Circular Mausoleum tomb (Roman Necropolis of Carmona, Spain) dates back from the first century AD and is characterized by a dense microbial (phototrophic) colonization on the walls and ceiling. However, some walls exhibited an important number of violet stains of unknown origin. The microbial communities of these violet stains are mainly composed of cyanobacteria, streptomycetes and fungi. A strain of Streptomyces parvus, isolated from the walls, produces a violet pigment in culture media. High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of the culture extracts obtained from this Streptomyces revealed the presence of a few granaticins, pigments with a benzoisochromanequinone structure. When metabolically active in the tomb, S. parvus synthesizes the pigments that diffuse into the mortar. During rain and/or wetting periods, the pigments are solubilized by alkaline waters and elute from the starting position to the surrounding mortar, enlarging the pigmented area and thus contributing to this exceptional biodeterioration phenomenon.
This research was funded by projects GCL2010-17183 and 201230E125. M.D.H. and A.Z.M. were supported by a JAE Research Fellowship from CSIC, and Juan de la Cierva Programme, respectively.
Peer reviewed
2017-07-20T06:08:56Z
2017-07-20T06:08:56Z
2017-11
artículo
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Science of the Total Environment (598): 889-899 (2017)
0048-9697
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/153311
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.017
1879-1026
http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003339
http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003329
en
Postprint
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.017 NOV 15 2017
Sí
open
Elsevier