2024-03-29T06:06:49Zhttp://digital.csic.es/dspace-oai/requestoai:digital.csic.es:10261/1086552022-06-22T10:47:48Zcom_10261_33com_10261_5col_10261_286
Recent advances in the multitarget-directed ligands approach for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
León, Rafael
García, Antonio G.
Marco-Contelles, José
neuroprotection
NSAIDs
oxidative stress
metal chelators
BACE-1 inhibitors
GSK-3β inhibitors
ERK2-inhibitors
CDK5 inhibitors
CK-1 inhibitors
Anti-inflammatory drugs
Antioxidant drugs
Ca2+ overload
Alzheimer's disease
multitarget drugs
dual AChE inhibitors
AChE peripheral anionic site
Amyloid–β antiaggregating agents
voltage-dependent calcium channels
1,4-dihydropyridine
Ca2+ dyshomeostasis
multiactive compounds
With 27 million cases worldwide documented in 2006, Alzheimer's disease (AD) constitutes an overwhelming health, social, economic, and political problem to nations. Unless a new medicine capable to delay disease progression is found, the number of cases will reach 107 million in 2050. So far, the therapeutic paradigm one-compound-one-target has failed. This could be due to the multiple pathogenic mechanisms involved in AD including amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation to form plaques, τ hyperphosphorylation to disrupt microtubule to form neurofibrillary tangles, calcium imbalance, enhanced oxidative stress, impaired mitochondrial function, apoptotic neuronal death, and deterioration of synaptic transmission, particularly at cholinergic neurons. Approximately 100 compounds are presently been investigated directed to single targets, namely inhibitors of β and γ secretase, vaccines or antibodies that clear Aβ, metal chelators to inhibit Aβ aggregation, blockers of glycogen synthase kinase 3β, enhancers of mitochondrial function, antioxidants, modulators of calcium-permeable channels such as voltage-dependent calcium channels, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors for glutamate, or enhancers of cholinergic neurotransmission such as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase or butyrylcholinesterase. In view of this complex pathogenic mechanisms, and the successful treatment of chronic diseases such as HIV or cancer, with multiple drugs having complementary mechanisms of action, the concern is growing that AD could better be treated with a single compound targeting two or more of the pathogenic mechanisms leading to neuronal death. This review summarizes the current therapeutic strategies based on the paradigm one-compound-various targets to treat AD. A treatment that delays disease onset and/or progression by 5 years could halve the number of people requiring institutionalization and/or dying from AD.
Peer Reviewed
2014-12-12T09:25:02Z
2014-12-12T09:25:02Z
2013
2014-12-12T09:25:03Z
artículo
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
issn: 0198-6325
e-issn: 1098-1128
Medicinal Research Reviews 33: 139-189 (2013)
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/108655
10.1002/med.20248
none
John Wiley & Sons