2024-03-29T11:02:27Zhttp://digital.csic.es/dspace-oai/requestoai:digital.csic.es:10261/1773992022-05-10T08:56:48Zcom_10261_115com_10261_3col_10261_368
Lovat, Giacomo
Forrer, Daniel
Abadia, Mikel
Domínguez, Marcos
Casarin, Maurizio
Rogero, Celia
Vittadini, Andrea
Floreano, Luca
2019-03-06T13:36:37Z
2019-03-06T13:36:37Z
2017
Nanoscale 9(32): 11694-11704 (2017)
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/177399
10.1039/c7nr04093h
http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003086
http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003329
http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003407
28776050
We demonstrate the thermal stability up to 450 °C of a titanium(iv)-porphyrin monolayer grown on the rutile TiO(110) surface. Starting from a film of metal-free tetra-phenyl-porphyrin, 2HTPP, deposited at room temperature, we show that, beyond the self-metalation reaction at 150°-200 °C, a second phase transition takes place at ∼350 °C. Using surface diffraction and microscopy, we observe a change of the phase symmetry from (2 × 4)-obliq to (2 × 6)-rect. Core level photoemission indicates that the chemical states of both the molecular tetrapyrrolic macrocycle and the substrate are unchanged. X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals that the driving mechanism is a rotation of the phenyl terminations towards the substrate (flattening) that triggers a conformational change of the molecule through partial cyclo-dehydrogenation. From comparison with first principles calculations, we show that the common feature of these multiple phase transitions is the chemical nature of the porphyrin bonding atop the substrate oxygen rows: the coordination of the macrocycle central pocket to the oxygen atoms beneath is preserved throughout both the self-metalation and flattening reactions. The molecular orientation and arrangement are determined by steric constraints and intermolecular interactions, whereas the specific adsorption site is further stabilized by the interaction of the peripheral C-H network with the adjacent oxygen rows. Porphyrins are thus trapped at the TiO(110) surface, where they demonstrate an exceptionally high thermal stability (up to ∼450 °C), which makes this interface potentially useful for sensors and photocatalysis applications in harsh environments.
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Very high temperature tiling of tetraphenylporphyrin on rutile TiO2(110)
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