2024-03-30T05:50:29Zhttp://digital.csic.es/dspace-oai/requestoai:digital.csic.es:10261/2383232021-04-16T01:29:29Zcom_10261_88com_10261_8col_10261_341
DIGITAL.CSIC
author
Friedlander, Alan M.
author
Ballesteros, Enric
author
Goodell, Whitney
author
Hüne, Mathias
author
Muñoz, Alex
author
Salinas-de-León, Pelayo
author
Velasco-Charpentier, Catalina
author
Sala, Enric
2021-04-15T12:57:54Z
2021-04-15T12:57:54Z
2021
PLoS ONE 16(4): e0249413 (2021)
1932-6203
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/238323
The newly created Kawe´ sqar National Park (KNP) and National Reserve (KNR) in
southern Chile consists of diverse terrestrial and marine habitats, which includes the
southern terminus of the Andes, the Southern Patagonia Ice Fields, sub-Antarctic rainforests,
glaciers, fjords, lakes, wetlands, valleys, channels, and islands. The marine
environment is influenced by wide ranging hydrological factors such as glacier melt,
large terrigenous inputs, high precipitation, strong currents, and open ocean water masses.
Owing to the remoteness, rugged terrain, and harsh environmental conditions, little
is known about this vast region, particularly the marine realm. To this end, we conducted
an integrated ecological assessment using SCUBA and remote cameras down to 600 m
to examine this unique and largely unexplored ecosystem. Kelp forests (primarily
Macrocystis pyrifera) dominate the nearshore ecosystem and provide habitat for myriad
benthic organisms. In the fjords, salinity was low and both turbidity and nutrients from
terrigenous sources were high, with benthic communities dominated by active suspension
feeders (e.g., Bivalvia, Ascidiacea, and Bryozoa). Areas closer to the Pacific Ocean
showed more oceanic conditions with higher salinity and lower turbidity, with benthic
communities experiencing more open benthic physical space in which predators (e.g.,
Malacostraca and Asteroidea) and herbivorous browsers (e.g., Echinoidea and Gastropoda)
were more conspicuous components of the community compared to the inner
fjords. Hagfish (Myxine sp.) was the most abundant and frequently occurring fish taxa
observed on deep-sea cameras (80% of deployments), along with several taxa of sharks
(e.g., Squaliformes, Etmopteridae, Somniosidae, Scyliorhinidae), which collectively
were also observed on 80% of deep-sea camera deployments. The kelp forests, deep
fjords, and other nearshore habitats of the KNR represent a unique ecosystem with minimal
human impacts at present. The KNR is part of the ancestral territory of the indigenous
Kawe´ sqar people and their traditional knowledge, including the importance of the land-sea connection in structuring the marine communities of this region, is strongly
supported by our scientific findings.
eng
openAccess
Marine communities of the newly created Kawésqar National Reserve, Chile: From glaciers to the Pacific Ocean
artículo
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URL
https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/238323/1/Kike%202021.pdf
File
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d2adfa0c8149551b27a1f357d6a7b76b
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Kike 2021.pdf