2024-03-29T01:25:10Zhttp://digital.csic.es/dspace-oai/requestoai:digital.csic.es:10261/475012021-09-27T07:03:50Zcom_10261_13com_10261_8com_10261_108col_10261_266col_10261_361
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Ortiz-Santaliestra, Manuel E.
author
Fernández, M. José
author
Lizana, Miguel
author
Marco, Adolfo
author
2011-06
Agriculture-related pollution is among the major causes of global amphibian population declines. The multiple stressors to which amphibians are exposed in the field, such as predation pressure, can make agrochemicals far more deadly than when they act in isolation. Even within a small area, diffuse agricultural pollution does not affect all aquatic environments equally, which could account for local differences in amphibian sensitivity to agrochemicals. We examined the combined effects of ammonium nitrate fertilizer (0 to 45.2 mg N-NHþ /L) and predator stress on larval Western spadefoot toad (Pelobates cultripes), using adult caged male marbled newts
(Triturus marmoratus) as predators. We compared the interaction between both stressors in tadpoles from two ponds separated by 3 km. No significant mortality was observed (survival > 80% in all cases). Local differences were detected when analyzing larval growth, with a significant interaction between factors for one of the two populations tested (Fornillos de Fermoselle). Although tadpoles exposed to
45.2 mg N-NHþ /L were 7% smaller than controls, the presence of predators from a foreign community resulted in animals 15% larger than those raised without predators after 15 d of experiment. Interestingly, predators from the same community as the tadpoles did not affect larval growth. The length of the tadpoles from a nearby location (Ma´moles) was unaffected after exposure to ammonium nitrate and predatory stress.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 30(6): 1440–1446 (2011)
0730-7268
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/47501
10.1002/etc.523
http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004837
http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100014180
Agrochemicals
Amphibians
Local variation
Multiple stressor
Responses on toad tadpoles to ammonium nitrate fertilizer and predatory stress: differences between populations on a local scale