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Título: | Natural Diet of Coral-Excavating Sponges Consists Mainly of Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) |
Autor: | Mueller, Benjamin; de Goeij, Jasper M.; Vermeij, Mark J.A.; Mulders, Yannick; Ent, Esther van der; Ribes, Marta CSIC ORCID ; van Duyl, F. C. | Fecha de publicación: | feb-2014 | Editor: | Public Library of Science | Citación: | PLoS ONE 9: e90152 (2014) | Resumen: | Coral-excavating sponges are the most important bioeroders on Caribbean reefs and increase in abundance throughout the region. This increase is commonly attributed to a concomitant increase in food availability due to eutrophication and pollution. We therefore investigated the uptake of organic matter by the two coral-excavating sponges Siphonodictyon sp. and Cliona delitrix and tested whether they are capable of consuming dissolved organic carbon (DOC) as part of their diet. A device for simultaneous sampling of water inhaled and exhaled by the sponges was used to directly measure the removal of DOC and bacteria in situ. During a single passage through their filtration system 14% and 13% respectively of the total organic carbon (TOC) in the inhaled water was removed by the sponges. 82% (Siphonodictyon sp.; mean±SD; 13±17 μmol L-1) and 76% (C. delitrix; 10±12 μmol L-1) of the carbon removed was taken up in form of DOC, whereas the remainder was taken up in the form of particulate organic carbon (POC; bacteria and phytoplankton) despite high bacteria retention efficiency (72±15% and 87±10%). Siphonodictyon sp. and C. delitrix removed DOC at a rate of 461±773 and 354±562 mmol C h-1 respectively. Bacteria removal was 1.8±0.9×1010 and 1.7±0.6×1010 cells h-1, which equals a carbon uptake of 46.0±21.2 and 42.5±14.0 μmol C h-1 respectively. Therefore, DOC represents 83 and 81% of the TOC taken up by Siphonodictyon sp. and C. delitrix per hour. These findings suggest that similar to various reef sponges coral-excavating sponges also mainly rely on DOC to meet their carbon demand. We hypothesize that excavating sponges may also benefit from an increasing production of more labile algal-derived DOC (as compared to coral-derived DOC) on reefs as a result of the ongoing coral-algal phase shift. © 2014 Mueller et al. | Descripción: | 7 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables | Versión del editor: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0090152 | URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/96091 | DOI: | 10.1371/journal.pone.0090152 | Identificadores: | doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090152 issn: 1932-6203 |
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