Genetic tools for restoration of fish populations

Abstract

Anthropogenic activity has played a preponderant role in limiting and reducing the adaptive potential of species, resulting in an accelerated loss of biodiversity. Fish species, in particular anadromous, are especially sensitive to environmental disturbance and are often heavily exploited. In this review, we describe: (i) the main threats to anadromous species; (ii) the principal conservation actions that are usually implemented to restore populations, as well as their main pitfalls; (iii) the most relevant population parameters in terms of conservation genetics; (iv) the main genetic tools available to evaluate those parameters; and (v) some empirical studies highlighting the usefulness of genetic tools in conservation management. In terms of conservation actions, we promote the view that priority should be given to ecological restoration, while stocking should only be performed under very strict conditions and accompanied by adequate management and monitoring. Finally, we call attention to the importance of considering the evolutionary potential of populations in conservation decisions. © 2011 Blackwell Verlag, Berlin.