Caracterización de antiguas variedades de vid adscritas a determinadas zonas del noroeste de España. Comparación de la morfología de sus hojas y racimos, con los que aparecen representados en los retablos barrocos de esas mismas áreas vitícolas

Abstract

[ES] En el NO de España se conservan antiguas variedades de vid, de las que no se conoce ni su procedencia, ni desde cuando existen en esa zona, más allá de algunas referencias que datan del siglo XIX. Los retablos barrocos (siglo XVII-XVIII), poseen representaciones muy realistas de hojas y racimos de vid, constituyendo verdaderas obras de ampelografía. Así, se ha recogido material gráfico de las hojas representadas en los retablos barrocos y se han comparado a través de análisis de imagen digital, con las hojas reales de las antiguas variedades, con el objetivo de buscar similitudes entre ambos.

[EN] Due to its antiquity, it is frequent to find references about the vine culture in agricultural writings, holy texts, poetical or literary ones and also in several artistic expressions (such as painting, architecture...). The Mision Biologica de Galicia (CSIC) conserves a group of varieties whose centenary original mother plants are more than 200 or 300 years old. Possibly, they are native and exclusive varieties from the North-West of Spain. However, at the moment it is not possible to date the beginning of its cultivation. In addition to determine the grape and wine-growing features of the varieties, cultural references or traditions related to them, it would help to increase their commercial value. In the early XVII century altarpieces the representation of the vine is very frequent. Stems, leaves and bunches appear represented in the solomonic columns in a high naturalistic sense (Alvarez Fernandez, 2001). Leaves and bunches represented in those columns found in different Galician churches (North-West of Spain) present clearly different morphologies one from another. In some cases it is surprising its similarity with some of the real vine varieties. These altarpieces could be, apart from wonderful art works, a kind of ampelography, with which we could compare some of the unknown varieties conserved in the Mision Biologica de Galicia (CSIC). In the present study, leaves found in altarpieces and real leaves are compared taking into account base parameters measured in both types of leaves (length of the veins in the leaves, distance from the petiole point to the base of the petiole sinus...).