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Título: | A functional survey of the enhancer activity of conserved non-coding sequences from vertebrate Iroquois cluster gene deserts |
Autor: | Calle-Mustienes, Elisa de la CSIC ORCID; Feijóo, Carmen Gloria; Manzanares, Miguel CSIC ORCID; Tena, Juan J. CSIC ORCID; Rodríguez-Seguel, Elisa CSIC; Letizia, Annalisa CSIC ORCID ; Allende, Miguel L.; Gómez-Skarmeta, José Luis CSIC ORCID | Fecha de publicación: | ago-2005 | Editor: | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press | Citación: | Genome Research 15(8): 1061-1072 (2005) | Resumen: | Recent studies of the genome architecture of vertebrates have uncovered two unforeseen aspects of its organization. First, large regions of the genome, called gene deserts, are devoid of protein-coding sequences and have no obvious biological role. Second, comparative genomics has highlighted the existence of an array of highly conserved non-coding regions (HCNRs) in all vertebrates. Most surprisingly, these structural features are strongly associated with genes that have essential functions during development. Among these, the vertebrate Iroquois (Irx) genes stand out on both fronts. Mammalian Irx genes are organized in two clusters (IrxA and IrxB) that span >1 Mb each with no other genes interspersed. Additionally, a large number of HCNRs exist within Irx clusters. We have systematically examined the enhancer activity of HCNRs from the IrxB cluster using transgenic Xenopus and zebrafish embryos. Most of these HCNRs are active in subdomains of endogenous Irx expression, and some are candidates to contain shared enhancers of neighboring genes, which could explain the evolutionary conservation of Irx clusters. Furthermore, HCNRs present in tetrapod IrxB but not in fish may be responsible for novel Irx expression domains that appeared after their divergence. Finally, we have performed a more detailed analysis on two IrxB ultraconserved non-coding regions (UCRs) duplicated in IrxA clusters in similar relative positions. These four regions share a core region highly conserved among all of them and drive expression in similar domains. However, inter-species conserved sequences surrounding the core, specific for each of these UCRs, are able to modulate their expression. | Descripción: | 13 páginas, 7 figuras.-- Material suplementario está disponible en www.genome.org. | Versión del editor: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.4004805 | URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/24665 | DOI: | 10.1101/gr.4004805 | ISSN: | 1088-9051 |
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