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Título: | Residual effect of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers and impact on Soil Nitrifiers |
Autor: | Quemada, Miguel; Alonso-Ayuso, María CSIC; Castellano-Hinojosa, Antonio; Bedmar, Eulogio J. CSIC ORCID; Gabriel, José Luis; García González, Irene; Valentín, Francisco; Calvo, Manuel | Palabras clave: | qPCR Plant sensors DMPP Soil microorganisms Fertilizer use efficiency Non-readily exchangeable ammonium |
Fecha de publicación: | 2019 | Editor: | Elsevier BV | Citación: | European Journal of Agronomy 109 (2019) | Resumen: | The residual effect of nitrogen (N) fertilizers on subsequent crops might affect N efficiency and soil microorganisms, but little is known about the underlying reasons. Our goal was to elucidate the origin of the residual effect of synthetic N fertilizers, with and without a nitrification inhibitor, in three field experiments located in different regions of Spain that shared a common design in a maize (Zea mays L.) /wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation. Maize was fertilized with ammonium sulphate nitrate (ASN) or with ASN blended with 3,4 dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) (ASN + DMPP) or was not fertilized with N. Wheat after maize received the recommended N dose, a low N dose or no N application. Yield and N content were determined for each crop and treatment and soil samples were taken to determine non-exchangeable NH as well as C and N in the microbial biomass. DNA extraction was conducted in soil samples at different times. In the two locations where a residual effect occurred as a result of fertilizer application on the previous crop, either as ASN or ASN + DMPP, the C retained in the microbial biomass increased. The abundance of bacterial and archaeal communities was related to the soil's C biomass, and the quantitative PCR approach was a more sensitive biomarker of the microbial activity than C and N in the microbial biomass. The residual effect was associated with a temporal increase of soil microorganisms caused by fertilizer application. Optical sensors identified the residual effect, opening the opportunity for adjusting the fertilizer rate to actual crop requirements. | Versión del editor: | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1161030118305604?via%3Dihub | URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/197641 | DOI: | 10.1016/j.eja.2019.125917 | Identificadores: | doi: 10.1016/j.eja.2019.125917 issn: 1161-0301 |
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