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Title: | A fully automated approach for the analysis of 37 psychoactive substances in raw wastewater based on on-line solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry |
Authors: | López-García, Ester ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Keywords: | Drugs of abuse Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry Sewage water New psychoactive substances On-line solid phase extraction Psychotropic pharmaceuticals |
Issue Date: | 16-Nov-2018 |
Publisher: | Elsevier |
Citation: | Journal of Chromatography - A 1476: 80-89 (2018) |
Abstract: | This work presents a multi-residue method for the simultaneous determination of 37 legal and illicit psychoactive substances in wastewater, including the most common illicit drugs (cocaine-related compounds, amphetamine-type stimulants, hallucinogens, opiates/opioids, and cannabinoids), new psychoactive substances (two synthetic cathinones, the synthetic opioid AH-7921, and the arylcyclohexylamine methoxetamine), and legal but controlled psychoactive substances (stimulants, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, sedatives, antipsychotics, and hypnotics). To this end a fully automated analytical approach based on solid phase extraction coupled in series to liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry detection (on-line SPE- LC–MS/MS) was used. The methodology developed was validated in terms of linearity, recovery, repeatability, and sensitivity in wastewater. Method linearity was between 0.1 ng/L (or the analyte limit of quantification if higher) and 2,000 ng/L (10,250 ng/L in the case of caffeine). Absolute recoveries were variable (between 5% and 132%), depending on the analyte. However, the use of isotopically labeled compounds corrected for analyte losses during the extraction process and matrix effects (relative recoveries within the range of 80–120%). Repeatability of the method was satisfactory for all analytes, with RSD values lower than 13% for most compounds. Limits of detection and quantification in wastewater were below 7 and 23 ng/L, respectively, for all analytes except lormetazepam (10 and 32 ng/L), caffeine (13 and 44 ng/L), and the cannabinoids 11-nor-9-carboxy- Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (18 and 61 ng/L) and 11-hydroxy-Δ9- tetrahydrocannabinol (69 and 228 ng/L). The method was applied to the analysis of wastewater samples collected daily in Barcelona for one week. Twenty-five of the 37 analytes were detected in the samples analyzed. Average concentrations ranged from 7 ng/L in the case of zolpidem to 54 μg/L in the case of caffeine. © 2018 Elsevier B.V. |
Publisher version (URL): | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2018.09.038 |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/180398 |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.09.038 |
Appears in Collections: | (IDAEA) Artículos |
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