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Título: | Agro-biotechnological potential of endophytic bacteria |
Autor: | Mercado-Blanco, Jesús CSIC ORCID | Fecha de publicación: | oct-2015 | Citación: | International Congress Soil and food, resources for a healthy life (2015) | Resumen: | Endophytes (bacteria and fungi) can be detected
at any moment within the tissues of healthy plants
without producing any visible deleterious symptom.
It is generally accepted that all plants harbour highly
diverse endophytic microbiomes playing relevant
roles, poorly understood though, for the growth,
health, development and fitness of the host. These
microbial communities also help the plant to cope
with different (a)biotic stresses. Current powerful
metagenomics and culture-independent approaches
are revealing that endophytic communities are much
more diverse and complex than information obtained
by traditional culture-dependent methods.
Endophytic bacteria penetrate into plant tissues
primarily by the roots, although they can also do so
through leaves, stems, flowers, or cotyledons. Sorne
can move systemically and be localized at distant
tissues from the original penetration place. They can
enter passively through cracks, wounds or points of
emergence oflateral roots. Active penetration appears
to take place preferably by the root differentiation
and elongation regions, using the intercellular spaces
of the root epidermis. Our studies have shown that
root hairs play an important role in the endophytic
colonization of olive (Oleae europaea L.) roots by
strains of Pseudomonas spp. However, the knowledge
on bacteria! traits involved in both inner colonization
and persistence of plant tissues is scarce. The type
IV 'pili: lipopolysaccharide and exopolysaccharides
have been confirmed as crucial components. On the
contrary, we have demonstrated that 'swimming'
motility and production of the siderophore pyoverdine
are not involved in the endophytic colonization ability
of olive roots by strain Pseudomonas fluorescens
PICF7. Comparative analysis of endophytic bacteria
genomes is currently offering valuable information to
identify bacteria! traits involved in endophytic lifestyle,
although data are is still scant and controversia!. Living within plant tissues means that endophytic bacteria are adapted to an environment providing a constant and steady source of nutrients. They are also less exposed to (a)biotic stresses prevailing in the rhizosphere. In return, endophytic bacteria have developed strategies enabling them to overcome, modulate or evade defence responses deployed by the host plant against penetration of microorganisms, thereby being recognized as 'non hostile: Our studies have also shown that colonization and establishment of strain PICF7 in olive roots causes local and systemic transcriptomic changes, many of them related to defensive responses. There is an increasing interest on endophytic bacteria due to numerous applications they may have in agricultura! biotechnology. Among the beneficia! properties associated with endophytic lifestyle, promotion of plant growth and control of diseases have a special significance. Promotion of growth can be due to direct or indirect mechanisms. Direct plant growth promotion can be due to mobilization of (micro )nutrients (biofertilization) or synthesis of phytohormones (phytostimulation). Indirect plant growth promotion is usually a consequence of suppressing the effects caused by deleterious microorganisms. In this case, mechanisms involved can be different: antagonism or direct antibiosis against the pathogen, competition for nutrients and/ or space, or stimulation of defensive mechanisms of the plant host against pathogens attack. Endophytic bacteria can also stimulate plant growth by aiding the host to cope with presence of pollutants or heavy metals (rhizoremediation) or water and saline stresses. Many questions on how, when and why a bacteria! consortium is set as endophytic in any given host plant remain to be elucidated. They can basically be summarized in: (i) What are the driving forces operating to build a certain endophytic community? and (ii) what does the endophytic microbiome do for the host plant? To know the answers to these questions will be helpful to take full advantage of the potential of endophytic bacteria as sustainable and environmentfriendly biotechnological tools in agriculture and forestry. |
Descripción: | Trabajo presentado en el International Congress Soil and food, resources for a healthy life (The application of beneficial microorganisms in sustainable agriculture), celebrado en Lasi (Rumanía) del 22 al 24 de octubre de 2015. | URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/166069 |
Aparece en las colecciones: | (IAS) Comunicaciones congresos |
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