Physiological aspects of coenzyme Q10 in plasma in relationship with exercise and aging

Abstract

Coenzyme Q is an essential factor in bioenergetics and in antioxidant protection of cell membranes. As the main antioxidant in blood, coenzyme Q prevents the oxidation of lipoproteins. This function and others related to the physiology of the heart and the vascular endothelium makes this molecule a key factor in preventing atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Over the last few years, we have found that coenzyme Q levels increase in people who maintain high levels of physical activity as they age. This increase is associated with lower lipid oxidation in plasma and low-density lipoproteins. In contrast, sedentary lifestyles and obesity are accompanied by lower coenzyme Q levels in plasma and higher oxidative damage. Statins are widely used to treat hypercholesterolemia, but these drugs also decrease coenzyme Q levels in plasma and organs. This chapter includes evidence about the positive role of coenzyme Q in human physiology and the effect exercise has on preventing aging-associated decreases in coenzyme Q decrease and in addressing the progression of atherosclerosis.