Reactivity of a (bis-NHC)tricarbonylruthenium(0) complex with methyl triflate and methyl iodide. Formation of methyl- and acetylruthenium(II) derivatives: Experimental results and mechanistic DFT calculations

Abstract

The ruthenium(0) complex [Ru{κ2C2-MeIm(CH 2)3ImMe}(CO)3] (1), MeIm(CH2) 3ImMe = 1,3-bis(3-methylimidazol-2-yliden-1-yl)propane, which contains a chelating bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) ligand, reacts with MeOTf at room temperature to give the ionic ruthenium(II) methyl derivative [RuMe{κ2C2-MeIm(CH2)3ImMe}(CO) 3]OTf ([2]OTf), whereas an analogous reaction of 1 with MeI renders the neutral ruthenium(II) acetyl derivative [RuI{C(O)Me} {κ2C2-MeIm(CH2)3ImMe}(CO) 2] (3), in which the iodide and acetyl ligands occupy mutually trans coordination sites. The fact that [2]OTf reacts with [Et4N]I to give 3 evidences the participation of the cationic species 2+ in the synthesis of 3. The mechanisms of these reactions in THF solution have been modeled by DFT calculations. They have shown that 2+ can be made from complex 1 and either MeOTf or MeI. In both cases, two plausible reaction pathways have been identified. They start with a rate-determining SN2 substitution process in which the metal atom of 1 attacks the C atom of MeI or MeOTf, displacing the corresponding anion to give, depending on how compound 1 approaches MeI or MeOTf, 2+ or a less stable isomeric species 2′+ that is easily transformed into 2+. A subsequent CO migratory insertion in 2+ leads to an unsaturated (pentacoordinated) acetyl intermediate that easily adds the iodide anion to end in 3. DFT calculations have also shown that the reaction of 1 with MeOTf to give [2]OTf is thermodynamically more favorable than that of 1 with MeI to give [2]I due to the resonance stabilization and greater solvation energy of the triflate anion. These two effects are also responsible for the fact that the incorporation of the triflate anion with 2+ to give a putative triflate complex analogous to 3 is thermodynamically disfavored, whereas the incorporation of the iodide anion with 2+ to give 3 is thermodynamically favored. © 2013 American Chemical Society.