2024-03-29T04:53:52Zhttp://digital.csic.es/dspace-oai/requestoai:digital.csic.es:10261/1245882016-05-06T09:17:14Zcom_10261_22com_10261_1col_10261_275
Freitas, Andiara E.
Egea Maiquez, Javier
Rada, Patricia
Cuadrado, Antonio
López, Manuela G.
2015-11-06T09:07:35Z
2015-11-06T09:07:35Z
2015
Molecular Neurobiology 51(3): 1504-1519 (2015)
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/124588
10.1007/s12035-014-8827-1
http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003329
http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004587
http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004593
http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003593
http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100005667
http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002322
http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100008049
Hyperactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is a common finding in major depression; this may lead to increased levels of cortisol, which are known to cause oxidative stress imbalance and apoptotic neuronal cell death, particularly in the hippocampus, a key region implicated in mood regulation. Agmatine, an endogenous metabolite of l-arginine, has been proposed for the treatment of major depression. Corticosterone induced apoptotic cell death and increased ROS production in cultured hippocampal neuronal cells, effects that were abolished in a concentration- and time-dependent manner by agmatine. Interestingly, the combination of sub-effective concentrations of agmatine with fluoxetine or imipramine afforded synergic protection. The neuroprotective effect of agmatine was abolished by yohimbine (α2-adrenoceptor antagonist), ketanserin (5-HT2A receptor antagonist), LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor), PD98059 (MEK1/2 inhibitor), SnPP (HO-1 inhibitor), and cycloheximide (protein synthesis inhibitor). Agmatine increased Akt and ERK phosphorylation and induced the transcription factor Nrf2 and the proteins HO-1 and GCLc; induction of these proteins was prevented by yohimbine, ketanserin, LY294002, and PD98059. In conclusion, agmatine affords neuroprotection against corticosterone effects by a mechanism that implicates Nrf2 induction via α2-adrenergic and 5-HT2A receptors, Akt and ERK pathways, and HO-1 and GCLc expression.
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Agmatine Induces Nrf2 and Protects Against Corticosterone Effects in Hippocampal Neuronal Cell Line
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