2024-03-29T13:08:41Zhttp://digital.csic.es/dspace-oai/requestoai:digital.csic.es:10261/280202019-08-08T07:38:04Zcom_10261_77com_10261_8col_10261_330
DIGITAL.CSIC
author
Sánchez Chillón, Begoña
author
Prado, José Luis
author
Alberdi, María Teresa
2010-09-27T16:35:49Z
2010-09-27T16:35:49Z
2004-01
Paleobiology, v. 30; no. 1; p. 146-161
0094-8373
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/28020
10.1666/0094-8373
To reconstruct the paleodiet and habitat preference of gomphotheres, we measured the
carbon and oxygen isotope composition of 68 bone and tooth samples for three species of Gomphotheriidae
from 24 different localities (Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador, Chile, and Brazil). Additionally,
we measured the isotopic oxygen in the phosphate of 30 samples to control diagenetic
alteration. We calculated the correlation between pairs of d18Op–d18Oc values for enamel, dentine,
and bone, taken from the same individual in order to verify whether the oxygen of structural apatite
carbonate was in equilibrium with body water. Because of the good correlation obtained
among pairs of the three skeletal components, we considered the d13C results of all components to
be equally representative of both gomphothere groups, and we used them collectively in the analysis
of the data.
To compare the different groups of specimens, we divided the samples into six groups, taking
into account their taxonomy as well as their geographic and stratigraphic distribution. Cuvieronius
specimens from Chile were exclusively C3 plants eaters, whereas specimens from Bolivia and Ecuador
had a mixed C3-C4 diet. Stegomastodon showed a wider range of dietary adaptations. Specimens
from Queque´n Salado in Buenos Aires Province were entirely C3 feeders, whereas the diet of
specimens from La Carolina Peninsula (Ecuador) was exclusively C4. The remaining South American
groups analyzed were C3-C4 mixed-feeders. Carbon isotope composition of bone and teeth
decreased as latitude increased. We found evidence of an exclusively C3-dominated diet at approximately
35–418S. This result confirms that ancient feeding ecology cannot always be inferred from
dental morphology or extant relatives. Data from middle and late Pleistocene indicated that, over
time, there was an adaptive change in paleodiet from predominantly mixed-feeders to more specialized
feeders. We propose that this dietary evolution was one of the causes that forced gomphotheres
to extinction in South America. In addition, the data presented in this paper suggest that
because of the different feeding preferences among mastodons, mammoths, and gomphotheres,
only the bunodont gomphotheres reached South America.
eng
closedAccess
Pleistocene
Gomphotheres
Gomphotheriidae
Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales
Proboscidea
South American
Feeding ecology, dispersal, and extinction of South American Pleistocene gomphotheres (Gomphotheriidae, Proboscidea)
artículo
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