2024-03-28T13:45:24Zhttp://digital.csic.es/dspace-oai/requestoai:digital.csic.es:10261/1840502021-12-27T15:49:57Zcom_10261_131com_10261_2col_10261_384
DIGITAL.CSIC
author
Boix-Amorós, Alba
author
Puente-Sánchez, Fernando
author
Du Toit, Elloise
author
Linderborg, Kaisa M.
author
Zhang, Yumei
author
Yang, Baoru
author
Salminen, Seppo
author
Isolauri, Erika
author
Tamames, Javier
author
Mira, Alex
author
Collado, María Carmen
funder
European Research Council
funder
Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España)
funder
Beijing science and Technology Development
2019-06-14T06:48:12Z
2019-06-14T06:48:12Z
2019-04-18
Applied and Environmental Microbiology 85:e02994-18 (2019)
0099-2240
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/184050
10.1128/AEM.02994-18
http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003329http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000781
30824446
Recent studies report the presence of fungal species in breast milk of healthy mothers, suggesting a potential role in infant mycobiome development. In the present work, we aimed to determine whether the healthy human breast milk mycobiota is influenced by geographical location and mode of delivery, as well as to investigate its interaction with bacterial profiles in the same samples. A total of 80 mature breast milk samples from 4 different countries were analyzed by Illumina sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region, joining the 18S and 5.8S regions of the fungal rRNA region. Basidiomycota and Ascomycota were found to be the dominant phyla, with Malassezia and Davidiella being the most prevalent genera across countries. A core formed by Malassezia, Davidiella, Sistotrema, and Penicillium was shared in the milk samples from the different origins, although specific shifts in mycobiome composition were associated with geographic location and delivery mode. The presence of fungi in the breast milk samples was further confirmed by culture and isolate characterization, and fungal loads were estimated by quantitative PCR (qPCR) targeting the fungal ITS1 region. Cooccurrence network analysis of bacteria and fungi showed complex interactions that were influenced by geographical location, mode of delivery, maternal age, and pregestational body mass index. The presence of a breast milk mycobiome was confirmed in all samples analyzed, regardless of the geographic origin.
IMPORTANCE During recent years, human breast milk has been documented as a potential source of bacteria for the newborn. Recently, we have reported the presence of fungi in breast milk from healthy mothers. It is well known that environmental and perinatal factors can affect milk bacteria; however, the impact on milk fungi is still unknown. The current report describes fungal communities (mycobiota) in breast milk samples across different geographic locations and the influence of the mode of delivery. We also provide novel insights on bacterium-fungus interactions, taking into account environmental and perinatal factors. We identified a core of four genera shared across locations, consisting of Malassezia, Davidiella, Sistotrema, and Penicillium, which have been reported to be present in the infant gut. Our data confirm the presence of fungi in breast milk across continents and support the potential role of breast milk in the initial seeding of fungal species in the infant gut.
eng
openAccess
Multiple sequence alignment
Candida albicans
Fungal communities
Microbiota
Oral Candida
Lactation
Breast milk
Illumina sequencing
Mycobiome Profiles in Breast Milk from Healthy Women Depend on Mode of Delivery, Geographic Location, and Interaction with Bacteria
artículo
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URL
https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/184050/1/Boix-amoros_AEM-2019.pdf
File
MD5
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application/pdf
Boix-amoros_AEM-2019.pdf